Definition thecal sac indentation.
Jun 27, 2024 · Symptoms.
Definition thecal sac indentation Osteophytes or bone spurs develop in the musculoskeletal system due to normal wear and tear as you age. Oct 2, 2023 · Thecal sac indentation is a medical condition that occurs when the spinal canal narrows or experiences pressure, causing compression on the thecal sac—a protective membrane surrounding the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid. Jun 28, 2024 · central stenosis, with the thecal sac measuring <100 mm 2 in area 5. Nov 16, 2022 · Disc desiccation is the dehydration of the spinal discs, causing them to become smaller and less flexible. At the L4-5 level, there is a central right sided disc herniation effacing the ventral aspect of the thecal sac. Disc fragmentation in the spine can also affect the thecal sac. A European survey of British spine surgeons revealed a durotomy incidence of 3. A bulging disc occurs when the soft tissue of the cartilage starts to dry out. 看看腰椎间盘片子的轴面视图示意图，这几个关键结构是诊断的重要依据： ·腱鞘囊、又叫做硬膜囊（Thecal Sac） ·发出神经根（Exiting Spinal Nerve Roots ）(L5) ·过往神经根（Traversing Spinal Nerve Roots）(S1) 我们仔细观察这个图，关键的“罪魁祸首”要看： ·髓核 ·后纵 Nov 18, 2022 · An osteophyte discal complex is the development of osteophytes (bone overgrowth aka bone spurs) that involve more than one disc or vertebrae. Although the degree of thecal sac compression required for the designation of ESCC has been variably defined, we consider any radiologic evidence of indentation of the thecal sac to be evidence for ESCC. Different terms are used to express the variances in appearance and the severity of different types of herniations. 看看腰椎間碟片子的軸面視圖示意圖，這幾個關鍵結構是診斷的重要依據：腱鞘囊、又叫做硬膜囊(Thecal Sac) ·發出神經根(Exiting Spinal Nerve Roots )(L5) ·過往神經根(Traversing Spinal Nerve Roots)(S1) 我們仔細觀察這個圖，關鍵的「罪魁禍首」要看： ·髓核 ·後縱韌帶 ·後纖 5 days ago · The meaning of THECAL SAC is the membranous sac of dura mater covering the spinal cord and cauda equina and containing cerebrospinal fluid. In all cases, this means that the bulging portion of the disc is making contact to some degree with the thecal membrane and enacting some force against the Nov 18, 2022 · The central canal, also referred to as the spinal foramen, is the tunnel through which the spinal cord runs. spinal stenosis may be incidentally discovered in asymptomatic patients Aug 25, 2022 · What Is Disc Osteophyte Complex? The term Disc Osteophyte Complex is given to a pathological condition where multiple spinal vertebrae intervertebral discs get affected by formation of Bone Spurs or Osteophytes. Stenosis, also known as narrowing, can compresses the spinal cord if severe. This condition not only brings discomfort but also leaves a distinctive mark on imaging. La dilatation du sac dural ou « méga cul-de-sac » est l’une des complications tardives de la spondylarthrite ankylosante (inflammation chronique des articulations du bassin et du rachis). Trauma due to falling from a height or motor vehicle accident may cause dislocation, collapse, or retropulsion of fracture fragments in the canal. This causes the nerves to be pinched and it usually affects a nerve root on one side of the body. Apr 26, 2023 · Spinal stenosis is a general term for when the spinal canal narrows and its contents become compressed. If the cysts are large, they can cause narrowing of the canals and compress nerves. Abstract. Furthermore, the contrast pattern within the cen-tral canal had a glass-like appearance as opposed to The herniated disc may compress the thecal sac leading to compression of the spinal nerves. The condition commonly occurs in patients over the age of 50. The dura mater and arachnoid mater are collectively called the dural sac or the thecal sac. Feb 3, 2023 · A synovial cyst is a fluid filled sack that results from degeneration of the facet joint in the spinal vertebra. May 16, 2019 · The difference between a central disc protrusion and other standard bulging or herniated disc is that in central disc protrusion, the disc herniates or expands posteriorly or backwards into the middle of the spinal canal where the spinal nerve roots and spinal cord is present; whereas, in other disc herniation, the disc expands to either sides or forwards. Jan 21, 2024 · Definition and Anatomy. Jun 27, 2024 · Symptoms. It houses the Jan 22, 2018 · What is Disc Osteophyte Complex Disc osteophyte complex is the development of osteophytes (bone spurs) affecting more than one intervertebral disk or spinal vertebrae. g. (b) Measurements x and y represent the AP cord diameter one vertebral level above the maximal indentation and the AP cord diameter at the maximal indentation. 1c: deformation of the thecal sac, with spinal cord abutment. It is crucial to know and understand that herniated discs which abut the thecal membrane are very different from those which compress the actual spinal cord. May 30, 2023 · Effacement of the thecal sac refers to a situation where the thecal sac is being compressed or “flattened” against the spinal cord. Corresponding range of axial T1-weighted (C-F) cross-sectional polygonal appearances of the compressed thecal sac, including a stellate (D) and an inverted Y configuration (E). Retrolisthesis is a medical term that refers to the backward displacement of a vertebral body in relation to the one immediately below it in the spinal column. Jul 28, 2016 · The increased incidence of dural injury with revision surgeries has been noted by numerous surgeons. What is the thecal sac made of? Thecal Sac. Read more about:Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Everything You Need to Know Sep 8, 2023 · Summary. Nov 18, 2022 · Conditions: The authoritative spine information, definition, treatment and causes source. Read more about:Osteophyte Formation: Definition This is a common term you may encounter reading your MRI report. Oct 27, 2024 · Spinal cord compression—also called cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)— is caused by any condition that puts pressure on the spinal cord. Sac compression or impingement diagnoses mean virtually nothing and are not usually the source of pain. It is wider in females. It is made up of outer arachnoid membrane and inner dura. When effacement or impingement is identified on the report, it means that the sheathe surrounding your spinal cord and nerves is being pressed on. grade 2: spinal cord compression, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) visible around the cord. Effacement means this fat is being compressed. It occurs when the small openings between the bones in your spine, called the neural foramina, narrow or tighten. The cauda equina is a bundle of nerves that extends from the lower end of the spinal cord and controls the muscles of the legs, bladder, and bowel. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a neck condition that occurs when the spinal cord becomes compressed—or squeezed—due to the wear-and-tear changes that occur in the spine as we age. 32 Following subarachnoid Thecal sac indentation is a medical condition that occurs when the spinal canal narrows or experiences pressure, causing compression on the thecal sac—a protective membrane surrounding the spinal … Read More Oct 21, 2024 · Spinal Arachnoid Cysts: These cysts can form within the dural sac or outside it, pressing against the spinal cord and causing indentation. The length is approximately until S1 to S3 vertebral levels. An annular bulge is a condition where the annulus fibrosus, the outer layer of an intervertebral disc, protrudes beyond its normal perimeter within the spinal column. 31 Infrequently, subarachnoid blood will appear as a discrete ovoid intradural extramedullary mass, or a layering blood fluid level. Nov 16, 2022 · The thecal sac, also known as the dural sac, is a membrane sheath that covers the spinal cord and the surrounding cerebral spinal fluids (CSF). Thecal sac. Dave Harrison, MD. What is a Thecal Sac : Definition and Structure. Though often asymptomatic, these cysts can result in neuropathic pain and other symptoms due to the pressure exerted on the spinal cord. Jul 31, 2019 · Fig. At the L3-4 level, there is a central and right parasagittal disc herniation effacing the ventral aspect of the thecal sac. The severity of this conditions really depends on the degree of thickening. Moderate spinal stenosis is the intermediate stage of spinal stenosis — a category somewhere between mild and severe spinal stenosis. Dr. The distal end of the conus medullaris is normally located at the T12–L1 level in adults. seemed to be outlining the thecal sac on lateral imag-ing (Fig. Read the full article to understand causes, symptoms, and options. May 24, 2020 · The thecal sac extends from the upper cervical level to the level of the sacrum, and it contains the spinal cord and exiting nerve roots. Foraminal Narrowing Foraminal narrowing occurs when the foramina or canals through which the nerves exit the spine become narrowed. It is a type of spondylolisthesis, which refers to any abnormal forward or backward movement of one vertebra in relation to another. Compression. Symptoms include numbness, pain, weakness, and loss of bowel and bladder control. Central disc protrusion is a type of herniated bulging disc affects the spinal cord and could possibly result in nervous system disorders, such as radiating pain and muscle weakness as well as other symptoms stemming from nerve irritation. Several centres have assessed various grading methods, including measuring the cross-sectional area and morphology of the thecal sac. Indentations into the thecal sac can result in pain or weakness as they pinch the nerves in the spinal cord. May 3, 2024 · 1a: epidural extension only (no deformation of the thecal sac) 1b: deformation of the thecal sac, without spinal cord abutment. MRI The characteristic findings of central lumbar canal stenosis is observed on sagittal images, such as a smoothly marginated waist or hourglass shape, and on axial images, such as a trefoil-shaped or Jul 22, 2023 · Summary. It houses the spinal cord and nerve roots. It can result in impingement on the nerves of the cauda equina or on the thecal sac itself, and lead to debilitating symptoms such as severe leg pain, or restriction in the perimeter of ambulation, both resulting in dependency in daily activities. This bulging material may contact or “pinch” the thecal sac or nerve roots. This compression can occur for several reasons, and is often due to a protruding or herniated disc, spinal stenosis (a narrowing of the spinal canal), or a growth such as a tumor. L5-S1 disc posterior bulge with left posteorlateral annular tear and protrusion indenting ventral thecal sac, obliterating both lateral recess and compressing both exiting nerve roots. Herniated disc compressing the thecal sac. This causes a pinching of the spinal cord and nerve roots within the canal, which can lead Jul 19, 2023 · In Grade 2 anterolisthesis, the forward displacement of the vertebra is between 25% to 49% of its width. Jun 26, 2023 · The thecal sac, also known as the dural sac, is a structure within the spinal canal that contains the spinal cord, nerve roots, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Lumbar spinal stenosis is a degenerative process that is extremely frequent in today’s aging population. This occurs when the fibrous outer layer (annulus) which surrounds the jelly-like center (nucleus) tears or breaks. Jun 7, 2023 · What is Thecal Sac Indentation? The thecal sac is a protective membrane that encloses the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid. , the dural/thecal sac containing the spinal fluid and lumbar nerve roots called the cauda equina). The thecal sac contains the cerebrospinal fluid which provides nutrients and buoyancy to the spinal cord. Lesions within the thecal sac are categorized as intradural and intra- or extramedullary. The normal column of cerebrospinal fluid is not present at the level of compression, and epidural fat has been displaced. Central stenosis involves narrowing of the spinal canal around the thecal sac containing the cauda equina, and occurs as a result of the facet joint arthrosis and hypertrophy, thickening and bulging of the ligamentum flavum, bulging of the intervertebral disc, or spondylolisthesis. The thecal sac is formed by the dura mater, which is the tough, fibrous membrane. 2 Darby Jun 17, 2019 · Paracentral Disc Extrusion can be treated conservatively with pain medications, exercise to strengthen the spine through diligent physical therapy, and behavior modification in the form of not doing activities which may aggravate the condition like heavy lifting, avoiding playing contact sports, sitting in front of the computer for long periods of time. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, also called ligamentum flavum thickening, refers to the abnormal thickening of this ligament. Since thecal sac houses spinal cord and cauda equina, it cushions them against damage from other spinal structures. Midline stenosis compresses the central sac of nerve tissue (e. It is filled with cerebral spinal fluid and acts as a protective barrier for sensitive nerve tissue. See examples of THECAL SAC used in a sentence. 5% for spinal stenosis surgery, and 13. Provided by chiropractors and medically trained professionals, it can help legal counsels in thier efforts to establish grounds for compensation for their clients. Nov 16, 2022 · Ventral epidural fat is fat that is located in the space between the spinal cord and front wall of the spinal canal. Nov 16, 2022 · Conditions: The authoritative spine information, definition, treatment and causes source. MRI is the standard imaging modality for detecting disc pathology due to its advantage of lack 4 days ago · Experiencing stiffness, nerve pain, or difficulty walking? It could be ligamentum flavum hypertrophy — a spinal condition linked to thickened ligaments and disc pressure. Posterior disc protrusion refers to a spinal disc that has weakened and expanded backward from its normal position. One study suggests that the anteroposterior diameter of the thecal sac at the S1 level should be greater than that of the thecal sac at the L4 level in order to describe dural ectasia 4. Spinal cord compression can occur anywhere from your neck (cervical spine) down to your lower back (very top of lumbar spine). 5% for primary discectomy, 8. Harrison is a board certified Emergency Physician with a part time appointment at San Francisco General Medical Center and is an Assistant Clinical Professor-Volunteer at the UCSF School of Medicine. Continue with the axial images of this patient. The spinal fluid serves as a buffer of fluid that surrounds the spinal cord providing protection and insulation from movements and trauma to the body. There are a variety of symptoms n a case like the one above. Aug 4, 2015 · Ventral thecal sac indentation refers to parts of the vertebrae or spinal discs pressing on the front side of the thecal sac, causing indentations. Oct 9, 2023 · Back pain can be a perplexing issue, often caused by underlying factors like the Disc Osteophyte Complex. At the L5-S1 level, there is slight disc bulging. Sagittal T2 weighted images showed the inferior displacement of extruded disc (8 × 5 mm) along the L5 vertebral body . A diffuse disc bulge occurs when the outer annulus of an intervertebral disc, which is the tough cartilage surrounding the softer nucleus pulposus, extends out beyond the edges of the vertebrae above and below it. The severity of cord indentation (percentage of cord diameter decrease at the level of indentation) was calculated as 1 e y/x. Jun 17, 2022 · Thecal Sac Effacement: The thecal sac or dural sac is the membranous sheath (theca) or tube of dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord and the cauda equina. Mar 27, 2023 · Treatments: The authoritative spine information, definition, treatment and causes source. 1 Sagittal T1-weighted (A) and T2-weighted (B) MRI demonstrates hyperintense extramedullary material indenting the lumbar cistern. The term "bone spurs" might elicit images of radiating spikes, but bone spurs (osteophytes) are actually rounded and scalloped. Sep 13, 2022 · Sep 13, 2022. Jan 19, 2025 · Lateral lumbar canal stenosis may be represented by indentation of the thecal sac and/or insufficient filling of the nerve root sheath 7. 2% for revision discectomy procedures. 1C). Aug 25, 2019 · A large herniated disc fragment (long arrow) causes ventral thecal sac indentation. The thecal sac is a covering of the spinal canal that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Indentation means there is some compression of the thecal sac itself, but it does not appear to affect the nerves. It acts as a barrier, safeguarding the delicate spinal cord. This is a normal part of aging and a common feature of degenerative disc disease. The width of the base is wider than t Feb 5, 2025 · Dural ectasia describes widening of the dural sac or spinal nerve root sleeves, usually associated with bony erosions of the posterior vertebral body 4. grade 3: spinal cord compression, no CSF visible around the cord. This grade may cause mild to moderate symptoms, such as lower back pain and potential thecal sac and nerve compression. Symptoms depend on which part of the spine is affected. Summary. The thecal sac, which surrounds the spinal column, contains cerebrospinal fluid that circulates around the spinal cord and the nerve roots. Pressure exerted on the thecal sac can cause the disk to bulge. When symptoms do happen, they start slowly and get worse over time. Spinal Stenosis: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Spinal Stenosis Thecal sac indentation is a medical condition that occurs when the spinal canal narrows It can lead to symptoms similar to C3-4 disc herniation, including thecal sac impingement, and may result in pain radiating from the sixth cervical vertebra through the intervertebral foramen to the seventh cervical vertebra; a 2mm disc bulge at this level could be considered concerning and may require various treatment options. Definition The spinal column is made up of 33 bones, called vertebrae , which are separated by intervertebral discs. These cysts are benign, meaning they are not cancerous. Patients present with symptoms of spinal canal stenosis. Spinal stenosis often causes no symptoms. Nov 30, 2020 · “Cloverleaf” or “trefoil” shape of the spinal canal for indentation of posterolateral thecal sac and severe central canal stenosis. Symptoms of Spinal Indentation The thecal sac or dural sac is the membranous sheath (theca) or tube of dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord and the cauda equina. Lower back pain secondary to degenerative disc disease is a condition that affects young to middle-aged persons with peak incidence at approximately 40 y. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare but serious condition that occurs when the nerves at the end of the spinal cord (the cauda equina) become compressed or damaged. It is seen in patients with obesity, like in this case and in patients who are treated with steroids. Symptoms may develop suddenly or gradually and may include pain or stiffness in the neck or back, balance issues, or a burning pain in the arms or legs. It may occur due to arthritis, bone spurs, spondylolistesis, herniated discs or other conditions. Disc osteophyte complex is a spinal ailment caused due to the formation of osteophytes in the spine affecting the intervertebral disc. This was further confirmed on AP imag-ing in which the contrast pattern crossed the midline when compared to the AP scout image (Figs. Nov 16, 2022 · A disc protrusion is similar to a disc bulge in that it is caused by weakening of the outside layer of the spinal disc (called the annulus), causing the disc to flatten and balloon into the spinal canal (figure 1). Aging, degenerative disc diseases such as osteoarthritis, trauma or overuse Aug 21, 2009 · There is mild mass effect on the descending left L3 nerve root. The disc fragment is T2 hypointense relative to CSF but is slightly hyperintense relative to the intervertebral portion of the L5-S1 disc. Spinal Cord Compression vs. This pressure can tear the spinal cord. This condition can lead to various symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort to severe neurological issues. 4 It caused indentation on thecal sac, narrowing of bilateral neural foramina and indenting right traversing nerve root . The cauda equina at the distal end of the spinal cord is a collection of nerve roots resembling a horse's tail, hence its name. One of the main functions of the spinal column is to protect the spinal cord and the nerves which branch off it. 19 In a large review of 3183 patients, Khan reported iatrogenic surgical dural injuries were approximately May 6, 2020 · Thecal Sac Effacement: The thecal sac or dural sac is the membranous sheath (theca) or tube of dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord and the cauda equina. Read more about:Lateral Recess Stenosis: Definition There are several options for treating the pain and symptoms caused by facet arthropathy: 1. Ankylosing Jul 22, 2023 · About the Author. Thecal sac surrounds the cerebrospinal fluid which ensures that your spine is functioning effectively. The treatment and prognosis of ESCC are discussed here. Feb 27, 2025 · Diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment of C5-C6 disc bulging also involves assessing symptoms like pain associated with a concentric disc bulge, viewing images showing bulging discs in the neck, and addressing specific symptoms linked to a herniated disc at the C5-C6 level, which may include bone spurs in the neck, while also considering backbone networks and data traffic management. The majority of cases arise from epidural extension of vertebral body metastases. Herniated disc displacing the thecal sac. Elle se caractérise par une augmentation du diamètre du sac dural au niveau de la région lombaire ou dorsale basse. Treatment options may include a combination of conservative approaches, including pain medications, physical therapy, and Dilatation du sac dural. Oct 31, 2023 · Neural foraminal stenosis, or neural foraminal narrowing, is a type of spinal stenosis. Apr 4, 2009 · The thecal sac is grossly displaced dorsally against the lamina by the large herniated nucleus pulposus. Jan 12, 2022 · What is a Thecal Sac : Definition and Structure. Herniated disc providing a mass effect on the thecal sac. Typically, subarachnoid bleeding does not manifest as a discrete hematoma as constant pulsatile flow within the thecal sac is thought disperse the blood throughout this compartment. Learn how our chiropractors and physiotherapists combine non-surgical methods like decompression, shockwave, and guided exercise to support recovery in KL. The thecal sac is simply a membrane which surrounds the spinal cord and spinal nerves. Diffuse cervical bulge means a generalized disc bulge of one of the spinal discs of the neck (cervical spine). In this newsletter for personal injury attorneys, we strive to present sound medical information that has been used in previous cases for accident and injury victims. The outer edge of a vertebra with bone spurs can resemble the hem of a ruffled dress or dripped wax built-up at the bottom of a candle. Your intervertebral discs are vital for maintaining flexibility, absorbing shock, and providing a cushion between the vertebrae in your spine. When a disc protrudes, it may compress a nerve, causing irritation and inflammation. obliteration of perineural fat and compression of lateral recess or foramen. This sac covers the conus medullaris, cauda equina, and each individual spinal nerve root as it courses out of the cauda equina and travels into the intervertebral foramen (bony opening through which the nerve exits the spinal canal). Jun 9, 2017 · T8-9 there’s a small Central protrusion effacing the ventral thecal Sac with mild canal stenosis T9-10 there is a small left paracentral protrusion effacing the ventral thecal Sac with mild left foraminal narrowing T10-11 there’s a small Central protrusion effacing the ventral thecal Sac with mild canal stenosis T11-12 there is a mild disc Jan 21, 2024 · Definition and Function. As these canals become narrowed, they pinch the nerves that goes thru Nov 16, 2022 · A disc herniation occurs when the jelly-like center of the intervertebral disc spills into the canal. It contains the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which p The thecal sac is a protective covering that surrounds your spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which helps to cushion the nerves. Download scientific diagram | MRI spine showing disc bulge at L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels with the indentation of the thecal sac (yellow arrows). 10 However, using imaging alone to assess severity is inadequate as there is often a mismatch between the symptomology and MRI findings, 11 as well as inter-observer variation between radiologists. 1A and D). (1) Bone Spurs or Osteophytes develop due to normal wear and tear of the body normally due to aging because of which the spine tends […] Apr 18, 2024 · mild spinal stenosis: slight crowding of the nerve roots; the anterior margin of the thecal sac is flat or slightly concave; the nerve roots remain distinguishable from the CSF moderate spinal stenosis: crowding of the nerve roots, resulting in a homogeneously “speckled” appearance of CSF interspersed with nerve roots; the anterior margin The spinal cord is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (spinal fluid) throughout its course in the spinal canal. However, in Epidural lipomatosis is excessive amount of fat within the epidural space compressing the thecal sac. Thecal sac definition: . Sep 11, 2023 · The ligamentum flavum connects the vertebrae and helps maintain stability in the spinal column. This axial MRI scan shows the large, focal extrusion displacing the entire thecal sac dorsally and to the right (B). facet and ligament hypertrophy. (dural sac)The membranous sheath or tube of dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord and the cauda equina. Herniated discs which contact, encroach upon or compress the thecal sac alone, mean absolutely nothing in most cases. The disc fragment has a narrow neck (short arrows) where it penetrates the outer annulus. Pre and paravertebral soft tissues are normal. Thecal sac indentation occurs when external factors, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis, exert pressure on the sac, causing it to become compressed. from publication: Dysautonomia and hyponatraemia as Thecal Sac Information. Lateral recess stenosis refers to the narrowing of the lateral recess in the spinal canal, often caused by factors like degeneration, herniated discs, arthritis, or congenital factors. Nov 27, 2022 · What is a Herniated Disc? A herniated disc is when the intervertebral disc ruptures, spilling its jelly-like center into the spinal canal. Herniated disc encroaching on the thecal sac. Spinal canal stenosis may also lead to compression of the cauda equina. Bilateral Foraminal Stenosis Foraminal stenosis, is a type of spinal stenosis caused by narrowing for the foramina or openings through which the nerves exit the spine. Aug 17, 2024 · Disc protrusions are a type of disc herniation characterized by protrusion of disc content beyond the normal confines of the intervertebral disc, over a segment less than 25% of the circumference of the disc. When you have moderate spinal stenosis, the symptoms are a constant reminder that your spinal canal is continuing to narrow in some areas, and as this occurs, you may have trouble standing up straight, walking for long distances or getting out of bed without Thecal sac indentation is a medical condition that occurs when the spinal canal narrows or experiences pressure, causing compression on the thecal sac—a protective membrane surrounding the spinal … Similar arthritic changes may involve the laminae, yellow ligaments, and/or facet joints behind (posteriorly) the spinal canal. Aug 24, 2023 · Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is a complex sounding term that refers to thickening and enlargement of the ligamentum flavum, a ligament found within the spinal column. Dec 9, 2024 · Throughout this topic, the term "ESCC" is used to mean any radiologic evidence of indentation of the thecal sac or spinal cord compression, whether or not there are neurologic signs and symptoms associated with compression (figure 1 and image 1) . Spinal Cord Abutment – Trauma Dec 13, 2023 · There are two common types of disc protrusions that can cause significant back pain: bulging discs and herniated discs. It is a protective covering that surrounds and encloses the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves. Medications: Such as NSAIDs, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Toradol are helpful to reduce pain as are cyclo-oxygenase-2 Inhibitors such as Celecoxib, and analgesics Acetomenophen, known as Paracetamol or Tylenol. Conus medullaris and cauda equina nerve roots are normal. (c) severe (70%) posterior cord indentation. [ 1 ] Nov 30, 2021 · A clear explanation of Thecal sac indentation with easy to understand illustrations and narration. qgxafralkchacjwssylfodxyyudsagwlntdpampeirmoiuycvmaohgewdvujxgnvehpjxomfhyfwasetf